Certified Wound Care Nurse (CWCN) Practice Exam

What is indicated when the valves in the superficial and/or deep venous system no longer work correctly?

1. Arterial disease

2. Chronic venous disease

3. Acute arterial occlusion

4. Diabetic neuropathy

The correct answer is: Chronic venous disease

When the valves in the superficial and/or deep venous system are no longer functioning properly, it indicates chronic venous disease. This condition arises from the failure of venous valves to maintain unidirectional blood flow back to the heart, leading to blood pooling in the veins of the legs. This pooling results in symptoms such as swelling, pain, and varicosities, and can eventually lead to complications like venous ulcers. Chronic venous disease is characterized by long-term issues with venous return, which can result from a variety of factors, including age, obesity, and a history of venous thrombosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of this condition is essential for effective management and treatment, which may involve lifestyle changes, compression therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention. In contrast, other options like arterial disease, acute arterial occlusion, and diabetic neuropathy pertain to different systems and mechanisms within the body, and they do not directly relate to the malfunctions of venous valves. This distinction is key to recognizing chronic venous disease as the primary issue associated with valve dysfunction in the venous system.